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King shared her concerned about her husband’s safety with the Kennedy administration, Birmingham officials permitted King to call home. King asked his jailers for permission to call his wife, Coretta Scott King, who at the time was home in Atlanta, recovering from the birth of their fourth child, Bernice King. During this time, he wrote “Letter from Birmingham Jail” on the margins of the Birmingham News, in reaction to a statement published by eight Birmingham clergymen condemning the protests. On Good Friday, April 12, 1963, King was arrested in Birmingham after violating the anti-protest injunction and was placed in solitary confinement. King contemplated whether he and Ralph Abernathy-SCLC’s second-in-command-should be arrested.
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After debate, campaign leaders decided to disobey the court order. On April 10, 1963, the city government obtained a state court injunction against the protests. When Birmingham’s residents enthusiastically responded, the campaign’s actions expanded to kneel-ins at churches, sit-ins at the library, and a march on the county courthouse to register voters.
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King spoke to Birmingham’s black citizens about nonviolence and its methods and appealed for volunteers. On April 3, 1963, it was launched with mass meetings, lunch counter sit-ins, a march on city hall, and a boycott of downtown merchants. The campaign was originally scheduled to begin in early March 1963 but was postponed until April. When that campaign stalled, the ACMHR asked SCLC to help. The goal of the local campaign was to attack the city’s segregation system by putting pressure on Birmingham’s merchants during the Easter season, the second biggest shopping season of the year. Shuttlesworth and his group, the Alabama Christian Movement for Human Rights (ACMHR). In April 1963, King and the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) joined Birmingham’s local campaign organized by Rev. and Reverends James Bevel and Fred Shuttlesworth, among others. The Birmingham Campaign was a movement led in early 1963 by the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) which sought to bring national attention of the efforts of local black leaders to desegregate public facilities in Birmingham, Alabama.